Style versus Design
Why understanding the diference is what it’s all about.
By Jefrey Zeldman
My father was a Sunday painter, and his art books played a formative role in my
childhood. Like many kids, I was fascinated by sheer representation. I lost myself
gazing at painstakingly rendered engravings of battling gladiators, picturesque villages,
and Roman ruins at sunrise. I understood art to be synonymous with drawing well.
Te more painstaking the detail, the more lines in the etching or leaves on the tree, the
better the artist in my childish, unformed estimation. Later, I discovered comic books.
Still later, museums. Maxfeld Parrish made me want to take drugs, and also made me
realize I could never be a painter. Paul Klee seemed like a bad artist who couldn’t draw.
Andy Warhol was a cheater because he used assistants.
I do not pretend to understand art today, but I do know that my earliest impressions
had little to do with the nature of art, and everything to do with pure visual sensation.
Like Disneyland and the circus, art was spectacle. But you can only ride the Matterhorn
so many times, and you can only chomp so much cotton candy, before nausea sets in.
From sensation, I graduated to style. Steve Ditko’s Spider-Man. Pop art. Rock, and then
soul, and then punk album covers. I was a Style addict. I could not tell good from bad,
but I knew what was cool.
Many young web designers view their craf the way I used to view pop culture.
It’s cool or it’s crap. Tey mistake Style for Design, when the two things are not the
same at all. Design communicates on every level. It tells you where you are, cues you
to what you can do, and facilitates the doing. Style is tautological; it communicates
stylishness. In visual terms, style is an aspect of design; in commercial terms, style
can communicate brand attributes.
It can also convey the designer’s contempt for the subject matter. “Tis is boring, so
here are some stripes and here’s a drop-down menu, so you’ll know I’m better than
this stupid assignment.” On this level, style is an underground language, from one
peer to another, having nothing to do with the site’s visitors or purpose. Indeed, this
stylistic appliqué can interfere with the site’s purpose. Ten the usability gurus step
in, blaming Design for the failings of stylistic fetishism.
Designers driven by Style can succeed if they are lucky enough to pick and choose
projects that beneft from their stylistic obsessions. Most web designers do not have
that luxury. But that doesn’t stop them from applying the stylistic vocabulary of
leading designers to the projects they do have to work on. And so we end up with
e-commerce sites that resemble rave fyers, and informational sites embellished
with occasionally dazzling but more frequently misguided and inappropriate intros.
Te web used to look like a phone book. Now much of it looks like a design portfolio.
In fact, it looks like the design portfolio of 20 well-known designers, whose style
gets copied again and again by young designers who consider themselves disciples.
Distinctions between graphic design and communication design are lost on these
designers. As is the distinction between true style, which evolves from the nature of the
project, and derivative pastiche, which is grafed onto many projects like a third arm.
When Style is a fetish, sites confuse visitors, hurting users and the companies that
paid for the sites. When designers don’t start by asking who will use the site, and
what they will use it for, we get meaningless eye candy that gives beauty a b